| actionACTION_SPEC | Apply an action from the generic actions framework on matching packets. |
| baseclassID | An offset for the resulting class ID. ID may be root, none or a hexadecimal class ID in the form [X:]Y. X must match qdisc's/class's major handle (if omitted, the correct value is chosen automatically). If the whole baseclass is omitted, Y defaults to 1. |
| divisorNUM | Number of buckets to use for sorting into. Keys are calculated modulo NUM. |
| hash keysKEY-LIST | Perform a jhash2 operation over the keys in KEY-LIST, the result (modulo the divisor if given) is taken as class ID, optionally offset by the value of baseclass. It is possible to specify an interval (in seconds) after which jhash2's entropy source is recreated using the perturb parameter. |
| map keyKEY | Packet data identified by KEY is translated into class IDs to push the packet into. The value may be mangled by OPS before using it for the mapping. They are applied in the order listed here: |
| andNUM | Perform bitwise AND operation with numeric value NUM. |
| orNUM | Perform bitwise OR operation with numeric value NUM. |
| xorNUM | Perform bitwise XOR operation with numeric value NUM. |
| rshiftNUM | Shift the value of KEY to the right by NUM bits. |
| addendNUM | Add NUM to the value of KEY. |
| matchEMATCH_TREE | Match packets using the extended match infrastructure. See tc-ematch(8) for a detailed description of the allowed syntax in EMATCH_TREE. |
| src, dst | Use source or destination address as key. In case of IPv4 and TIPC, this is the actual address value. For IPv6, the 128bit address is folded into a 32bit value by XOR'ing the four 32bit words. In all other cases, the kernel-internal socket address is used (after folding into 32bits on 64bit systems). |
| proto | Use the layer four protocol number as key. |
| proto-src | Use the layer four source port as key. If not available, the kernel-internal socket address is used instead. |
| proto-dst | Use the layer four destination port as key. If not available, the associated kernel-internal dst_entry address is used after XOR'ing with the packet's layer three protocol number. |
| iif | Use the incoming interface index as key. |
| priority | Use the packet's priority as key. Usually this is the IP header's DSCP/ECN value. |
| mark | Use the netfilter fwmark as key. |
| nfct | Use the associated conntrack entry address as key. |
| nfct-src, nfct-dst, nfct-proto-src, nfct-proto-dst | These are conntrack-aware variants of src, dst, proto-src and proto-dst. In case of NAT, these are basically the packet header's values before NAT was applied. |
| rt-classid | Use the packet's destination routing table entry's realm as key. |
| sk-gid | For locally generated packets, use the user or group ID the originating socket belongs to as key. |
| vlan-tag | Use the packet's vlan ID as key. |
| rxhash | Use the flow hash as key. |
| Classic SFQ hash: | tc filter add ... flow hash \ keys src,dst,proto,proto-src,proto-dst divisor 1024 |
| Classic SFQ hash, but using information from conntrack to work properly in combination with NAT: | tc filter add ... flow hash \ keys nfct-src,nfct-dst,proto,nfct-proto-src,nfct-proto-dst \ divisor 1024 |
| Map destination IPs of 192.168.0.0/24 to classids 1-256: | tc filter add ... flow map \ key dst addend -192.168.0.0 divisor 256 |
| Alternative to the above: | tc filter add ... flow map \ key dst and 0xff |
| The same, but in reverse order: | tc filter add ... flow map \ key dst and 0xff xor 0xff |
NAME
flow - flow based traffic control filter
SYNOPSIS
- Mapping mode:
- Hashing mode:
OPS := [ OPS ] OP
OPTIONS := [ divisorNUM ] [ baseclassID ] [ matchEMATCH_TREE ] [ actionACTION_SPEC ]
KEY_LIST := [ KEY_LIST ] KEY
OP := { or | and | xor | rshift | addend } NUM
ID := X:Y
KEY := { src | dst | proto | proto-src | proto-dst | iif | priority | mark | nfct | nfct-src | nfct-dst | nfct-proto-src | nfct-proto-dst | rt-classid | sk-uid | sk-gid | vlan-tag | rxhash }
DESCRIPTION
The flow classifier is meant to extend the SFQ hashing capabilities without hard-coding new hash functions. It also allows deterministic mappings of keys to classes.
OPTIONS
- actionACTION_SPEC
Apply an action from the generic actions framework on matching packets.
- baseclassID
An offset for the resulting class ID. ID may be root, none or a hexadecimal class ID in the form [X:]Y. X must match qdisc's/class's major handle (if omitted, the correct value is chosen automatically). If the whole baseclass is omitted, Y defaults to 1.
- divisorNUM
Number of buckets to use for sorting into. Keys are calculated modulo NUM.
- hash keysKEY-LIST
Perform a jhash2 operation over the keys in KEY-LIST, the result (modulo the divisor if given) is taken as class ID, optionally offset by the value of baseclass. It is possible to specify an interval (in seconds) after which jhash2's entropy source is recreated using the perturb parameter.
- map keyKEY
Packet data identified by KEY is translated into class IDs to push the packet into. The value may be mangled by OPS before using it for the mapping. They are applied in the order listed here:
- andNUM
Perform bitwise AND operation with numeric value NUM.
- orNUM
Perform bitwise OR operation with numeric value NUM.
- xorNUM
Perform bitwise XOR operation with numeric value NUM.
- rshiftNUM
Shift the value of KEY to the right by NUM bits.
- addendNUM
Add NUM to the value of KEY.
- matchEMATCH_TREE
Match packets using the extended match infrastructure. See tc-ematch(8) for a detailed description of the allowed syntax in EMATCH_TREE.
KEYS
In mapping mode, a single key is used (after optional permutation) to build a class ID. The resulting ID is deducible in most cases. In hashing more, a number of keys may be specified which are then hashed and the output used as class ID. This ID is not deducible in beforehand, and may even change over time for a given flow if a perturb interval has been given.
The range of class IDs can be limited by the divisor option, which is used for a modulus.
- src, dst
Use source or destination address as key. In case of IPv4 and TIPC, this is the actual address value. For IPv6, the 128bit address is folded into a 32bit value by XOR'ing the four 32bit words. In all other cases, the kernel-internal socket address is used (after folding into 32bits on 64bit systems).
- proto
Use the layer four protocol number as key.
- proto-src
Use the layer four source port as key. If not available, the kernel-internal socket address is used instead.
- proto-dst
Use the layer four destination port as key. If not available, the associated kernel-internal dst_entry address is used after XOR'ing with the packet's layer three protocol number.
- iif
Use the incoming interface index as key.
- priority
Use the packet's priority as key. Usually this is the IP header's DSCP/ECN value.
- mark
Use the netfilter fwmark as key.
- nfct
Use the associated conntrack entry address as key.
- nfct-src, nfct-dst, nfct-proto-src, nfct-proto-dst
These are conntrack-aware variants of src, dst, proto-src and proto-dst. In case of NAT, these are basically the packet header's values before NAT was applied.
- rt-classid
Use the packet's destination routing table entry's realm as key.
- sk-uid
- sk-gid
For locally generated packets, use the user or group ID the originating socket belongs to as key.
- vlan-tag
Use the packet's vlan ID as key.
- rxhash
Use the flow hash as key.
EXAMPLES
- Classic SFQ hash:
- bash
tc filter add ... flow hash \ keys src,dst,proto,proto-src,proto-dst divisor 1024 - Classic SFQ hash, but using information from conntrack to work properly in combination with NAT:
- bash
tc filter add ... flow hash \ keys nfct-src,nfct-dst,proto,nfct-proto-src,nfct-proto-dst \ divisor 1024 - Map destination IPs of 192.168.0.0/24 to classids 1-256:
- bash
tc filter add ... flow map \ key dst addend -192.168.0.0 divisor 256 - Alternative to the above:
- bash
tc filter add ... flow map \ key dst and 0xff - The same, but in reverse order:
- bash
tc filter add ... flow map \ key dst and 0xff xor 0xff
SEE ALSO
tc(8), tc-ematch(8), tc-sfq(8)