| -c | Print a list of pairs of call paths for the interfaces exported by the shared object, along with the number of times each path is used. |
| -p | Generate a flat profile of all of the functions in the monitored object, with counts and ticks. |
| -q | Generate a call graph. |
| -? | Display a summary of command-line options and arguments and exit. |
| --usage | Display a short usage message and exit. |
| -V | Display the program version and exit. |
NAME
sprof - read and display shared object profiling data
SYNOPSIS
sprof\n [\noption\n]... \nshared-object-path\n [\nprofile-data-path\n]DESCRIPTION
The sprof command displays a profiling summary for the shared object (shared library) specified as its first command-line argument. The profiling summary is created using previously generated profiling data in the (optional) second command-line argument. If the profiling data pathname is omitted, then sprof will attempt to deduce it using the soname of the shared object, looking for a file with the name <soname>.profile in the current directory.
OPTIONS
The following command-line options specify the profile output to be produced:
- --call-pairs
- -c
Print a list of pairs of call paths for the interfaces exported by the shared object, along with the number of times each path is used.
- --flat-profile
- -p
Generate a flat profile of all of the functions in the monitored object, with counts and ticks.
- --graph
- -q
Generate a call graph.
If none of the above options is specified, then the default behavior is to display a flat profile and a call graph.
The following additional command-line options are available:
- --help
- -?
Display a summary of command-line options and arguments and exit.
- --usage
Display a short usage message and exit.
- --version
- -V
Display the program version and exit.
STANDARDS
GNU.
EXAMPLES
The following example demonstrates the use of sprof. The example consists of a main program that calls two functions in a shared object. First, the code of the main program:
$ \ncat prog.c\n
#include <stdlib.h>
void x1(void);
void x2(void);
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
\n
x1();
\n
x2();
\n
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}The functions x1() and x2() are defined in the following source file that is used to construct the shared object:
$ \ncat libdemo.c\n
#include <unistd.h>
void
consumeCpu1(int lim)
{
\n
for (unsigned int j = 0; j < lim; j++)
getppid();
}
void
x1(void) {
\n
for (unsigned int j = 0; j < 100; j++)
consumeCpu1(200000);
}
void
consumeCpu2(int lim)
{
\n
for (unsigned int j = 0; j < lim; j++)
getppid();
}
void
x2(void)
{
\n
for (unsigned int j = 0; j < 1000; j++)
consumeCpu2(10000);
}Now we construct the shared object with the real name libdemo.so.1.0.1, and the soname libdemo.so.1:
$ \ncc -g -fPIC -shared -Wl,-soname,libdemo.so.1 \\n
\n
\n-o libdemo.so.1.0.1 libdemo.c\nThen we construct symbolic links for the library soname and the library linker name:
$ \nln -sf libdemo.so.1.0.1 libdemo.so.1\n
$ \nln -sf libdemo.so.1 libdemo.so\nNext, we compile the main program, linking it against the shared object, and then list the dynamic dependencies of the program:
$ \ncc -g -o prog prog.c -L. -ldemo\n
$ \nldd prog\n
linux-vdso.so.1 => (0x00007fff86d66000)
libdemo.so.1 => not found
libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00007fd4dc138000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007fd4dc51f000)In order to get profiling information for the shared object, we define the environment variable LD_PROFILE with the soname of the library:
$ \nexport LD_PROFILE=libdemo.so.1\nWe then define the environment variable LD_PROFILE_OUTPUT with the pathname of the directory where profile output should be written, and create that directory if it does not exist already:
$ \nexport LD_PROFILE_OUTPUT=$(pwd)/prof_data\n
$ \nmkdir -p $LD_PROFILE_OUTPUT\nLD_PROFILE causes profiling output to be appended to the output file if it already exists, so we ensure that there is no preexisting profiling data:
$ \nrm -f $LD_PROFILE_OUTPUT/$LD_PROFILE.profile\nWe then run the program to produce the profiling output, which is written to a file in the directory specified in LD_PROFILE_OUTPUT:
$ \nLD_LIBRARY_PATH=. ./prog\n
$ \nls prof_data\n
libdemo.so.1.profileWe then use the sprof -p option to generate a flat profile with counts and ticks:
$ \nsprof -p libdemo.so.1 $LD_PROFILE_OUTPUT/libdemo.so.1.profile\n
Flat profile:
Each sample counts as 0.01 seconds.
\n
% cumulative self self total
\n
time seconds seconds calls us/call us/call name
\n
60.00 0.06 0.06 100 600.00 consumeCpu1
\n
40.00 0.10 0.04 1000 40.00 consumeCpu2
\n
0.00 0.10 0.00 1 0.00 x1
\n
0.00 0.10 0.00 1 0.00 x2The sprof -q option generates a call graph:
$ \nsprof -q libdemo.so.1 $LD_PROFILE_OUTPUT/libdemo.so.1.profile\n
index % time self children called name
\n
0.00 0.00 100/100 x1 [1]
[0] 100.0 0.00 0.00 100 consumeCpu1 [0]
-----------------------------------------------
\n
0.00 0.00 1/1 <UNKNOWN>
[1] 0.0 0.00 0.00 1 x1 [1]
\n
0.00 0.00 100/100 consumeCpu1 [0]
-----------------------------------------------
\n
0.00 0.00 1000/1000 x2 [3]
[2] 0.0 0.00 0.00 1000 consumeCpu2 [2]
-----------------------------------------------
\n
0.00 0.00 1/1 <UNKNOWN>
[3] 0.0 0.00 0.00 1 x2 [3]
\n
0.00 0.00 1000/1000 consumeCpu2 [2]
-----------------------------------------------Above and below, the "<UNKNOWN>" strings represent identifiers that are outside of the profiled object (in this example, these are instances of main()).
The sprof -c option generates a list of call pairs and the number of their occurrences:
$ \nsprof -c libdemo.so.1 $LD_PROFILE_OUTPUT/libdemo.so.1.profile\n
<UNKNOWN> x1 1
x1 consumeCpu1 100
<UNKNOWN> x2 1
x2 consumeCpu2 1000SEE ALSO
gprof(1), ldd(1), ld.so(8)