gitweb(1)

NAME#

gitweb - Git web interface (web frontend to Git repositories)

SYNOPSIS#

To get started with gitweb, run git-instaweb(1) from a Git repository. This will configure and start your web server, and run a web browser pointing to gitweb.

DESCRIPTION#

Gitweb provides a web interface to Git repositories. Its features include:

See https://repo.or.cz/w/git.git/tree/HEAD:/gitweb/ for gitweb source code, browsed using gitweb itself.

CONFIGURATION#

Various aspects of gitweb’s behavior can be controlled through the configuration file gitweb_config.perl or /etc/gitweb.conf. See the gitweb.conf(5) for details.

Repositories#

Gitweb can show information from one or more Git repositories. These repositories have to be all on local filesystem, and have to share a common repository root, i.e. be all under a single parent repository (but see also the "Advanced web server setup" section, "Webserver configuration with multiple projects' root" subsection).

our $projectroot = '/path/to/parent/directory';

The default value for $projectroot is /pub/git. You can change it during building gitweb via the GITWEB_PROJECTROOT build configuration variable.

By default all Git repositories under $projectroot are visible and available to gitweb. The list of projects is generated by default by scanning the $projectroot directory for Git repositories (for object databases to be more exact; gitweb is not interested in a working area, and is best suited to showing "bare" repositories).

The name of the repository in gitweb is the path to its $GIT_DIR (its object database) relative to $projectroot. Therefore the repository $repo can be found at "$projectroot/$repo".

Projects list file format#

Instead of having gitweb find repositories by scanning the filesystem starting from $projectroot, you can provide a pre-generated list of visible projects by setting $projects_list to point to a plain text file with a list of projects (with some additional info).

This file uses the following format:

Reserved characters are: "%" (used for encoding), "+" (can be used to encode SPACE), all whitespace characters as defined in Perl, including SP, TAB and LF, (used to separate fields in a record).

<repository path>

<repository owner>

You can generate the projects list index file using the project_index action (the TXT link on projects list page) directly from gitweb; see also "Generating projects list using gitweb" section below.

Example contents:

foo.git       Joe+R+Hacker+<[email protected]>
foo/bar.git   O+W+Ner+<[email protected]>

By default this file controls only which projects are visible on projects list page (note that entries that do not point to correctly recognized Git repositories won’t be displayed by gitweb). Even if a project is not visible on projects list page, you can view it nevertheless by hand-crafting a gitweb URL. By setting $strict_export configuration variable (see gitweb.conf(5)) to true value you can allow viewing only of repositories also shown on the overview page (i.e. only projects explicitly listed in projects list file will be accessible).

Generating projects list using gitweb#

We assume that GITWEB_CONFIG has its default Makefile value, namely gitweb_config.perl. Put the following in gitweb_make_index.perl file:

read_config_file("gitweb_config.perl");
$projects_list = $projectroot;

Then create the following script to get list of project in the format suitable for GITWEB_LIST build configuration variable (or $projects_list variable in gitweb config):

#!/bin/sh
export GITWEB_CONFIG="gitweb_make_index.perl"
export GATEWAY_INTERFACE="CGI/1.1"
export HTTP_ACCEPT="*/*"
export REQUEST_METHOD="GET"
export QUERY_STRING="a=project_index"
perl -- /var/www/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi

Run this script and save its output to a file. This file could then be used as projects list file, which means that you can set $projects_list to its filename.

Controlling access to Git repositories#

By default all Git repositories under $projectroot are visible and available to gitweb. You can however configure how gitweb controls access to repositories.

For example git-daemon(1) by default (unless --export-all option is used) allows pulling only for those repositories that have git-daemon-export-ok file. Adding

our $export_ok = "git-daemon-export-ok";

makes gitweb show and allow access only to those repositories that can be fetched from via git:// protocol.

For example, if you use mod_perl to run the script, and have dumb HTTP protocol authentication configured for your repositories, you can use the following hook to allow access only if the user is authorized to read the files:

$export_auth_hook = sub {
\n
        use Apache2::SubRequest ();
\n
        use Apache2::Const -compile => qw(HTTP_OK);
\n
        my $path = "$_[0]/HEAD";
\n
        my $r    = Apache2::RequestUtil->request;
\n
        my $sub  = $r->lookup_file($path);
\n
        return $sub->filename eq $path
\n
            && $sub->status == Apache2::Const::HTTP_OK;
};

Per-repository gitweb configuration#

You can configure individual repositories shown in gitweb by creating file in the GIT_DIR of Git repository, or by setting some repo configuration variable (in GIT_DIR/config, see git-config(1)).

You can use the following files in repository:

README.html

description (or gitweb.description)

Unnamed repository; edit this file to name it for gitweb.

from the template during repository creation, usually installed in /usr/share/git-core/templates/. You can use the gitweb.description repo configuration variable, but the file takes precedence.

category (or gitweb.category)

The configuration variables $projects_list_group_categories and $project_list_default_category are described in gitweb.conf(5)

cloneurl (or multiple-valued gitweb.url)

This is per-repository enhancement / version of global prefix-based @git_base_url_list gitweb configuration variable (see gitweb.conf(5)).

gitweb.owner

If it’s not set, filesystem directory’s owner is used (via GECOS field, i.e. real name field from getpwuid(3)) if $projects_list is unset (gitweb scans $projectroot for repositories); if $projects_list points to file with list of repositories, then project owner defaults to value from this file for given repository.

various gitweb.* config variables (in config)

ACTIONS, AND URLS#

Gitweb can use path_info (component) based URLs, or it can pass all necessary information via query parameters. The typical gitweb URLs are broken down in to five components:

.../gitweb.cgi/<repo>/<action>/<revision>:/<path>?<arguments>

repo

All actions except for those that list all available projects, in whatever form, require this parameter.

action

revision

path

arguments

Some actions require or allow to specify two revisions, and sometimes even two pathnames. In most general form such path_info (component) based gitweb URL looks like this:

.../gitweb.cgi/<repo>/<action>/<revision-from>:/<path-from>..<revision-to>:/<path-to>?<arguments>

Each action is implemented as a subroutine, and must be present in %actions hash. Some actions are disabled by default, and must be turned on via feature mechanism. For example to enable blame view add the following to gitweb configuration file:

$feature{'blame'}{'default'} = [1];

Actions:#

The standard actions are:

project_list

summary

heads, remotes

The latter is not available by default, unless configured.

tags

blob, tree

blob_plain

blobdiff

blame, blame_incremental

This action is disabled by default for performance reasons.

commit, commitdiff

patch

tag

log, shortlog

The shortlog view is more compact; it shows one commit per line.

history

This view is similar to shortlog view.

rss, atom

WEBSERVER CONFIGURATION#

This section explains how to configure some common webservers to run gitweb. In all cases, /path/to/gitweb in the examples is the directory you ran installed gitweb in, and contains gitweb_config.perl.

If you’ve configured a web server that isn’t listed here for gitweb, please send in the instructions so they can be included in a future release.

Apache as CGI#

Apache must be configured to support CGI scripts in the directory in which gitweb is installed. Let’s assume that it is /var/www/cgi-bin directory.

ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/"
<Directory "/var/www/cgi-bin">
\n
    Options Indexes FollowSymlinks ExecCGI
\n
    AllowOverride None
\n
    Order allow,deny
\n
    Allow from all
</Directory>

With that configuration the full path to browse repositories would be:

http://server/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi

Apache with mod_perl, via ModPerl::Registry#

You can use mod_perl with gitweb. You must install Apache::Registry (for mod_perl 1.x) or ModPerl::Registry (for mod_perl 2.x) to enable this support.

Assuming that gitweb is installed to /var/www/perl, the following Apache configuration (for mod_perl 2.x) is suitable.

Alias /perl "/var/www/perl"
<Directory "/var/www/perl">
\n
    SetHandler perl-script
\n
    PerlResponseHandler ModPerl::Registry
\n
    PerlOptions +ParseHeaders
\n
    Options Indexes FollowSymlinks +ExecCGI
\n
    AllowOverride None
\n
    Order allow,deny
\n
    Allow from all
</Directory>

With that configuration the full path to browse repositories would be:

http://server/perl/gitweb.cgi

Apache with FastCGI#

Gitweb works with Apache and FastCGI. First you need to rename, copy or symlink gitweb.cgi to gitweb.fcgi. Let’s assume that gitweb is installed in /usr/share/gitweb directory. The following Apache configuration is suitable (UNTESTED!)

FastCgiServer /usr/share/gitweb/gitweb.cgi
ScriptAlias /gitweb /usr/share/gitweb/gitweb.cgi
Alias /gitweb/static /usr/share/gitweb/static
<Directory /usr/share/gitweb/static>
\n
    SetHandler default-handler
</Directory>

With that configuration the full path to browse repositories would be:

http://server/gitweb

ADVANCED WEB SERVER SETUP#

All of those examples use request rewriting, and need mod_rewrite (or equivalent; examples below are written for Apache).

Single URL for gitweb and for fetching#

If you want to have one URL for both gitweb and your http:// repositories, you can configure Apache like this:

<VirtualHost *:80>
\n
    ServerName    git.example.org
\n
    DocumentRoot  /pub/git
\n
    SetEnv        GITWEB_CONFIG   /etc/gitweb.conf
\n
    # turning on mod rewrite
\n
    RewriteEngine on
\n
    # make the front page an internal rewrite to the gitweb script
\n
    RewriteRule ^/$  /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi
\n
    # make access for "dumb clients" work
\n
    RewriteRule ^/(.*\.git/(?!/?(HEAD|info|objects|refs)).*)?$ \
\n
                /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi%{REQUEST_URI}  [L,PT]
</VirtualHost>

The above configuration expects your public repositories to live under /pub/git and will serve them as http://git.domain.org/dir-under-pub-git, both as clonable Git URL and as browsable gitweb interface. If you then start your git-daemon(1) with --base-path=/pub/git --export-all then you can even use the git:// URL with exactly the same path.

Setting the environment variable GITWEB_CONFIG will tell gitweb to use the named file (i.e. in this example /etc/gitweb.conf) as a configuration for gitweb. You don’t really need it in above example; it is required only if your configuration file is in different place than built-in (during compiling gitweb) gitweb_config.perl or /etc/gitweb.conf. See gitweb.conf(5) for details, especially information about precedence rules.

If you use the rewrite rules from the example you might also need something like the following in your gitweb configuration file (/etc/gitweb.conf following example):

@stylesheets = ("/some/absolute/path/gitweb.css");
$my_uri    = "/";
$home_link = "/";
$per_request_config = 1;

Nowadays though gitweb should create HTML base tag when needed (to set base URI for relative links), so it should work automatically.

Webserver configuration with multiple projects' root#

If you want to use gitweb with several project roots you can edit your Apache virtual host and gitweb configuration files in the following way.

The virtual host configuration (in Apache configuration file) should look like this:

<VirtualHost *:80>
\n
    ServerName    git.example.org
\n
    DocumentRoot  /pub/git
\n
    SetEnv        GITWEB_CONFIG  /etc/gitweb.conf
\n
    # turning on mod rewrite
\n
    RewriteEngine on
\n
    # make the front page an internal rewrite to the gitweb script
\n
    RewriteRule ^/$  /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi  [QSA,L,PT]
\n
    # look for a public_git directory in unix users' home
\n
    # http://git.example.org/~<user>/
\n
    RewriteRule ^/\~([^\/]+)(/|/gitweb.cgi)?$   /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi \
\n
                [QSA,E=GITWEB_PROJECTROOT:/home/$1/public_git/,L,PT]
\n
    # http://git.example.org/+<user>/
\n
    #RewriteRule ^/\+([^\/]+)(/|/gitweb.cgi)?$  /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi \
\n
                 [QSA,E=GITWEB_PROJECTROOT:/home/$1/public_git/,L,PT]
\n
    # http://git.example.org/user/<user>/
\n
    #RewriteRule ^/user/([^\/]+)/(gitweb.cgi)?$ /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi \
\n
                 [QSA,E=GITWEB_PROJECTROOT:/home/$1/public_git/,L,PT]
\n
    # defined list of project roots
\n
    RewriteRule ^/scm(/|/gitweb.cgi)?$ /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi \
\n
                [QSA,E=GITWEB_PROJECTROOT:/pub/scm/,L,PT]
\n
    RewriteRule ^/var(/|/gitweb.cgi)?$ /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi \
\n
                [QSA,E=GITWEB_PROJECTROOT:/var/git/,L,PT]
\n
    # make access for "dumb clients" work
\n
    RewriteRule ^/(.*\.git/(?!/?(HEAD|info|objects|refs)).*)?$ \
\n
                /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi%{REQUEST_URI}  [L,PT]
</VirtualHost>

Here actual project root is passed to gitweb via GITWEB_PROJECT_ROOT environment variable from a web server, so you need to put the following line in gitweb configuration file (/etc/gitweb.conf in above example):

$projectroot = $ENV{'GITWEB_PROJECTROOT'} || "/pub/git";

Note that this requires to be set for each request, so either $per_request_config must be false, or the above must be put in code referenced by $per_request_config;

These configurations enable two things. First, each unix user (<user>) of the server will be able to browse through gitweb Git repositories found in ~/public_git/ with the following url:

http://git.example.org/~<user>/

If you do not want this feature on your server just remove the second rewrite rule.

If you already use ‘mod_userdir` in your virtual host or you don’t want to use the '~’ as first character, just comment or remove the second rewrite rule, and uncomment one of the following according to what you want.

Second, repositories found in /pub/scm/ and /var/git/ will be accessible through http://git.example.org/scm/ and http://git.example.org/var/. You can add as many project roots as you want by adding rewrite rules like the third and the fourth.

PATH_INFO usage#

If you enable PATH_INFO usage in gitweb by putting

$feature{'pathinfo'}{'default'} = [1];

in your gitweb configuration file, it is possible to set up your server so that it consumes and produces URLs in the form

http://git.example.com/project.git/shortlog/sometag

i.e. without gitweb.cgi part, by using a configuration such as the following. This configuration assumes that /var/www/gitweb is the DocumentRoot of your webserver, contains the gitweb.cgi script and complementary static files (stylesheet, favicon, JavaScript):

<VirtualHost *:80>
\n
        ServerAlias git.example.com
\n
        DocumentRoot /var/www/gitweb
\n
        <Directory /var/www/gitweb>
\n
                Options ExecCGI
\n
                AddHandler cgi-script cgi
\n
                DirectoryIndex gitweb.cgi
\n
                RewriteEngine On
\n
                RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
\n
                RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
\n
                RewriteRule ^.* /gitweb.cgi/$0 [L,PT]
\n
        </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

The rewrite rule guarantees that existing static files will be properly served, whereas any other URL will be passed to gitweb as PATH_INFO parameter.

Notice that in this case you don’t need special settings for @stylesheets, $my_uri and $home_link, but you lose "dumb client" access to your project .git dirs (described in "Single URL for gitweb and for fetching" section). A possible workaround for the latter is the following: in your project root dir (e.g. /pub/git) have the projects named without a .git extension (e.g. /pub/git/project instead of /pub/git/project.git) and configure Apache as follows:

<VirtualHost *:80>
\n
        ServerAlias git.example.com
\n
        DocumentRoot /var/www/gitweb
\n
        AliasMatch ^(/.*?)(\.git)(/.*)?$ /pub/git$1$3
\n
        <Directory /var/www/gitweb>
\n
                Options ExecCGI
\n
                AddHandler cgi-script cgi
\n
                DirectoryIndex gitweb.cgi
\n
                RewriteEngine On
\n
                RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
\n
                RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
\n
                RewriteRule ^.* /gitweb.cgi/$0 [L,PT]
\n
        </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

The additional AliasMatch makes it so that

http://git.example.com/project.git

will give raw access to the project’s Git dir (so that the project can be cloned), while

http://git.example.com/project

will provide human-friendly gitweb access.

This solution is not 100% bulletproof, in the sense that if some project has a named ref (branch, tag) starting with git/, then paths such as

http://git.example.com/project/command/abranch..git/abranch

will fail with a 404 error.

BUGS#

Please report any bugs or feature requests to [email protected][1], putting "gitweb" in the subject of email.

SEE ALSO#

gitweb.conf(5), git-instaweb(1)

gitweb/README, gitweb/INSTALL

GIT#

Part of the git(1) suite

NOTES#

1.

[email protected]